Technology and Mass Media Research

Question: How much are our thoughts regarding the crowd subject to innovation, and how are new advancements testing conventional models of crowd research? Use guides to prove your contention. Answer: The contemporary universe of innovation have changed every single part of living including the impact or state viral impact of broad communications over the crowd mass. Innovation have cleared ways for a more promising time to come for the broad communications and correspondence by opening up different sources to spread data to a more extensive crowd and to arrive at a more noteworthy mass of individuals (Morris, 19996). With a more prominent extension and reach, there are different elements which are impacting the thoughts and methods of advertising focusing on various segments of crowd. Innovation is a source and impetus for development which is likewise affecting the manner in which crowd are seeing or taking up the expected importance of a broad communications message. Transformation is an incorporation or assembly of crowd and innovation (Nisbet, 2002) prompting more chances and better comprehension of the importance of the messages. The thoughts and arrangements are guided by p resentation of new media that is furnishing the crowd with an improved sentiment of control, unraveling power and an expanded decision over what, when, how and for what reason to pick. With these changes, showcasing media will be adroitly and systematically regulating and observed. Media and crowd, both have developed and advanced with innovation. The patterns of correspondence, openness, reach and accessibility, observation and preferences (Neuman 1991), all have been influenced by approaching contemporary innovations in the field of broad communications correspondence and research.The new advances being set apart as new media have changed the significance and exploration philosophies for the crowd regarding message conveyance or sharing. The new advances in the computerized age are testing the standard ideas and strategies of crowd research where crowd were viewed as uninvolved and as a solitary substance with a specific shot of media message being deciphered similarly for all inspite of individual perspectives and proposals. With approaching of advanced age in the progressive new media, have achieved rushes of mindfulness and reasonableness in the crowd giving an all together new viewpoint to crowd examination, division and focusing on shaping a piece of promoting procedures. By the methods for conventional media involving constrained broad communications assets and a restricted reach, it was seen that crowd comprehended the message, substance or significance inside a specific data from the perspective of the person who made it or from the point of view of broad communications generator. In any case, with coming of new media (Dunwoody, 1992) including computerized sources, for example, web, digital books, sight and sound, expanded reality, DVDs and a lot progressively such offices, the immensity and volume of wellsprings of messages of data of media have developed significantly by eclipsing the accessible assets. The innovation has an impact over the crowd, their essence, their perspectives and the manner in which they see the data. Crowd have gotten dynamic and can decipher the importance out of the message moved based over their evaluative aptitudes and interpreting powers. With the headways in innovation, the world have gotten progressed both in the provisions of computerized development and important reasonableness. Crowd research have embraced the procedures of division and focusing on (Livingstone, 2003) based over various view of a message transmitted by broad communications based over close to home decisions, partialities or understandings of crowd. Along these lines, unique and extraordinary promoting techniques must be sent so as to target crowd with various perspectives. With forthcoming new innovations having plenty and plenitude of assets for mass correspondence, the center has been moved from pushing a similar message or at the end of the day shooting a similar slug from the side of media to infuse into crowd (Croteau, 2013) towards focusing on every one of the client or crowd separately in response to offering respect to their own thoughts, decisions, perspectives, inclinations or biases identified with the message. Innovation is fundamentally a social apparatus to change the significance of being a functioning member in the dynamic for a specific message. Despite the fact that this b road utilization of innovation and presentation of new media as advanced development have made it conceivable to make data reach to a more extensive crowd base, it likewise gives extraordinary consideration over focusing on extremely unique subsets of crowd having comparative perspectives. The conventional models of crowd research considered crowd being a particular article yet now there are specialization based over age, culture, foundation, economy, sees, convictions and so on. For instance, advancing an item state basically an electric light can target kids by making it modified for no particular reason, can be focused for youth as an investigation ware or for senior individuals as a guide in haziness. Along these lines, various individuals see the message contrastingly prompting advances in the exploration styles and devices. References Morris, M., Ogan, C. 1996, The Internet as mass medium,Journal of Computerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Mediated Communication, 1, no. 4. Nisbet, M. C., Scheufele, D. A., Shanahan, J., Moy, P., Brossard, D., Lewenstein, B. V. 2002, Knowledge, reservations, or guarantee? A media impacts model for open view of science and technology,Communication Research, 29, no. 5, pp. 584-608. Neuman, W. R. 1991,The fate of the mass crowd, Cambridge University Press. Dunwoody, S., Peters, H. P. 1992, Mass media inclusion of innovative and ecological dangers: A study of examination in the United States and Germany,Public Understanding of Science, 1, no. 2, pp. 199-230. Livingstone, S. 2003, The Changing Nature of Audiences,A ally to media contemplates, 6, pp. 337. Croteau, D. R., Hoynes, W. D. 2013,Media/society: Industries, pictures, and crowds, Sage Publications.

The Anti-Federalists Objections to the Constitution Essay

The Anti-Federalists Objections to the Constitution - Essay Example The Anti-federalists accepted that the intensity of the administration ought to be moved in the council since it was the most law based branch. They kept up that such a legislature offered the United States residents the best assurance for their basic rights. The Anti-federalist contended that the best way to guarantee there existed majority rules system was through the assignment of intensity through specific writings. Subsequently, they expected that the constitution that was being embraced by the federalists designated abundance forces to the focal government rather than these forces setting off to the states. They additionally brought up that there was distribution of greater position to the legal executive and official to the detriment of the congress. It was expressly clear in their brains that the federalists and their supporters were compromising the opportunities that Americans had safeguarded against the Britain. Brutus fused these thoughts into his assault against the prop osed constitution. He recommends that an enormous republic would not prevail in a huge nation like the United States since it includes residents who are differing from multiple points of view. As indicated by him, such decent variety would meddle with the activities and smooth running of the focal government since numerous assessments and thoughts would conflict. Brutus accepts that a republic can work in a little society like a state (Storing 37). Brutus additionally contended that the freedoms of the US residents were in peril since the central government was being given a ton of forces that can be abused for individual increases. He gave instances of Britain and Rome where force had been abused and prompted Americans not to follow a similar pattern. The opportunity of the federation was denied and their constitution upset by their solid armed force which had been given forces. Julius Cesar who was delegated to lead the order gained by the escape clauses in the constitution and tr ansformed it from a free republic into oppression. He additionally called attention to that the dread from a huge standing armed force was that the rulers may utilize them to advance their own aspirations. They could likewise upset the governments’ sacred powers and addition their own forces to empower them direct the US individuals. Brutus and other Anti-federalists advocates took a gander at themselves as the safeguards of a self government that was going to offer exceptional administration to the individuals of America. They bolstered initiative in little republics or the states with the rulers getting to restricted forces that can not be abused. By giving instances of Rome and Britain where force had been abused, Brutus needed the Federalists to gain from different nations and roll out sufficient improvements to the constitution. James Madison contradicted the complaints from the Anti-federalists by contending that the administration must be intended to stop the governmen t officials and the individuals from utilizing it for their own narrow minded increases. He had contributed enormously to the constitution and this is the reason he countered the complaints from the Anti-federalists firmly. Among the numerous normal highlights in the constitution was the possibility of a reasonable government framework where the national position was restricted and saving unequivocal forces to the individuals through the nearby government. Madison likewise made other key commitments to the constitution, for example, the production of a national lawmaking body and the national CEO. His most grounded contention in help for the constitution was that, it had concocted a solid government fit for controlling the

Nationalism in Politics and Culture

Patriotism in Politics and Culture Patriotism is a term used to depict an intense passionate ID with ones nation and its kin, customs, and qualities. In governmental issues and open arrangement, patriotism is a tenet whose crucial to ensure a countries right to self-administer and shield individual inhabitants of a state from worldwide financial and social weights. Something contrary to patriotism is globalism. Patriotism can extend from the negligent dedication of banner waving energy in its most amiable structure to closed-mindedness, xenophobia, bigotry, andâ ethnocentrismâ at its most exceedingly terrible and most dangerous. It is frequently connected with the kind of profoundly enthusiastic pledge to one’s country - over and against all others - that prompts outrages like those submitted by the National Socialists in Germany during the 1930s, composed University of West Georgia reasoning educator Walter Riker. Political and Economic Nationalism In the cutting edge period, President Donald Trumps America First principle was focused on patriot strategies that remembered higher taxes for imports, a crackdown on unlawful movement, and the withdrawal of the United States from exchange understandings his organization accepted were unsafe to American laborers. Pundits depicted Trumps brand of patriotism as white personality legislative issues; without a doubt, his political race matched with the ascent of the supposed extreme right movement,â a inexactly associated gathering of youthful, alienated Republicans and white patriots. In 2017, Trump told the United Nations General Assembly: In outside issues, we are restoring this establishing guideline of sway. Our administrations first obligation is to its kin, to our residents, to serve their requirements, to guarantee their security, to safeguard their privileges and to guard their qualities. I will consistently put America first, much the same as you, as the pioneers of your nations, will consistently and should consistently put your nations first. Benevolent Nationalism? National Review manager Rich Lowry and senior proofreader Ramesh Ponnuru utilized the term amiable patriotism in 2017: The layouts of a generous patriotism are not hard to observe. It incorporates reliability to one’s nation: a feeling of having a place, loyalty, and appreciation to it. What's more, this sense appends to the country’s individuals and culture, not simply to its political organizations and laws. Such patriotism incorporates solidarity with one’s compatriots, whose government assistance precedes, though not to the total avoidance of, that of outsiders. At the point when this patriotism finds political articulation, it underpins a government that is envious of its power, frank and proud in regards to propelling its people’s advantages, and aware of the requirement for national attachment. Many contend, however, that there is nothing of the sort as kindhearted patriotism and that any patriotism is troublesome and polarizing at its generally harmless and derisive and perilous when conveyed to boundaries. Patriotism isn't special to the United States, either. Floods of patriot estimation have moved through the electorate in Britain and different pieces of Europe, China, Japan, and India. One remarkable case of patriotism was the supposed Brexit vote in 2016 in which residents of the United Kingdom decided to leave the European Union.â Sorts of Nationalism in the United States In the United States, there are a few sorts of patriotism, as per look into directed by human science teachers at Harvard and New York colleges. The educators, Bart Bonikowski and Paul DiMaggio, distinguished the accompanying gatherings: Prohibitive patriotism, or theâ belief that the main genuine Americans are Christians, communicate in English, and were conceived in the United States.Ardent patriotism, or the conviction that the United States is unrivaled ethnically, racially, or socially to different nations. This can be alluded to as ethnic patriotism, as well. White patriots uphold racial oppressor or white dissenter belief systems and accept non-whites are substandard. Those despise bunches incorporate the Ku Klux Klan, neo-Confederates, neo-Nazis, bigot skinheads, and Christian Identity. Civic or liberal patriotism, the conviction that Americas popularity based foundations and unavoidably ensured freedoms are unrivaled, or remarkable. Sources and Further Reading on Nationalism Heres where you can peruse progressively pretty much all types of patriotism. What 4 kinds of American patriotism can enlighten us concerning Trump voters: Bart Bonikowski and Paul DiMaggio, The Washington PostFor Love of Country, Rich Lowry and Ramesh Ponnuru, National ReviewNationalism can have its valid statements. Really.: Prerna Singh, The Washington PostOn Nationalism and Exceptionalism: Yuval Levin, Ethics Public Policy CenterThe Trouble With Nationalism, Jonah Goldberg, National Review

Spanish Piece on Youth Fashion Essay Example for Free

Spanish Piece on Youth Fashion Essay The twentieth century is known as the era of the mechanical age, the innovation is available in the lives of the individuals who live in this century, gadgets, for example, PCs, mobile phones, computerized cameras or terms as the Internet and informal communities are extremely normal and extraordinary significance in our lives. In any case, the style is significant for individuals of twentieth century, the design became related and changing as per diverse urban clans. Enrollment of these gatherings is apparent in the belief system, music, way of life and appearance. The utilization of specific brands of apparel, the utilization of specific things or hues, unmistakable state of the hair, cosmetics recognizes the different clans. Well were going to discuss urban clans. The Emo, color their hair red, gold or purple docks, wear their hair smooth to cover one eye or the whole face. Their garments inclines towards dull hues, ideally dark. The shirts are for the most part of littler size than typical and shifted impressions. The dark eyeliner and lip piercings are additionally trademark highlights. The utilization Floggers bolts and long haircuts with blasts that will cover their half of the face, and ladies cosmetics with solid hues. The look is finished with thin fit pants, low profile shirts and coats, all brilliantly shaded tennis shoes, caps, crowns, and huge shades. The Darks are youngsters who dress in dark, frequently wear garments of refined style of times past. They wear crosses, rings and pendants concerning bats, skulls and bugs. Cosmetics their face to look paler and painted her lips and nails dark. The punk is definitely not an ongoing pattern. His hair is molded like a pointy edge and colored in splendid hues like red and purple, utilize a little torn pants and coats or calfskin Jean pointy and sparkly frill called taches. They paint their nails dim hues. The rappers and canis use soccer groups caps. Use shoes, want to utilize the tabs released and out. They wear workout pants, as a rule are wide, similar to shirts or sweatshirts. The Otakus like to dress like a character in the kid's shows, particularly the eastern anime.

On Hacienda Luisita Essay Example For Students

On Hacienda Luisita Essay The world has offered a great deal of things to investigate. Human effectively give in with a portion of those, it might be of a similar field however to other people, not. In any case, what might set the line among you and the others? The undertaking you pick mirrors the qualities you have. I’ve been anxious to think practically about all that I pick to have intrigue withâ€life out of school, new games, or essentially not simply anybody will take note. I need to be exceptional yet remarkable and to a greater degree a live wire than a slow doomsayer. With this, I have presented myself to the real world. One of this is the manner by which I gain worry on a national issue. In the wake of watching Sa Ngalan ng Tubo narrative film when I was a green bean, I began longing for going to Hacienda Luisita. I need to see the specific area where ranchers of that hacienda shed blood and life and to realize firsthand what is the present circumstance there. Following two years, I was allowed the chance to do that in this way, without even batting an eye I affirmed my participation. Yet, before I proceed, let me give you a concise foundation of Hacienda Luisita 25 years back. In 1985, the Manila RTC specially made a choice the Cojuangcos to move control of Hacienda Luisita to the Ministry of Agrarian Reform, which will disseminate the land to little ranchers in the wake of remunerating the landowners P3. 988 million. 1988, Court excused common body of evidence against the Cojuancos identifying with Luisita since President Aquino announced that agrarian change covers sugar lands. Establishment of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law gives stock exchange plot as an option in contrast to real land conveyance. May 1989, the Stock Distribution Option understanding was marked by the TADECO, HLI and the ranchers. Inside 1995 and 1996, about half of the 6453-hectare hacienda experienced land change use, from horticultural to business, modern and private purposes. In 2003, Supervisors of the Hacienda Luisita recorded an appeal before DAR to deny SDO since the ranchers were not given their advantages. November 16, 2004, 3 o’clock toward the evening, when the ranchers were celebrating imagining that they as of now conquered the military powers in the entryway before their picket line, slugs storm the territory. The ranchers were astounded when the Cojuangcos armed force began shooting all over. Seven were murdered and more than 200 were harmed and were shot. From that point on, Hacienda Luisita increased more consideration and open mindfulness and it didn't end there, more deaths followed. Rather than debilitating them, it even touched off the spirits of the individuals who live there as well as the individuals who esteem â€Å"human life† and equity. Ceaseless fire Farmers of the hacienda keep battling for their entitlement to claim the land they, their dads and granddads have worked, fed and lived for. It has been over five years and no solid activities to actualize certifiable agrarian change. The legislature is securing enthusiasm of the couple of, the enthusiasm of the lardlords and huge business ventures. They state this is for the own great of our nation however what We went to the hacienda the night prior to the remembrance of the slaughter. I thought our overnight remain there would resemble a rest over a friend’s houseâ€safe and sound, yet at that point, it had an inclination that it could be the latest day of my life, compromised by furnished individuals wandering around. Nov. 15, around 9 at night, a gathering of understudies from NCR were hassled by â€Å"policemen† who were in full-battle gear. They moved toward the understudies and said that they were there to talk with certain individuals. For what reason ought to those cops must be in a full-battle gear, ride in a vehicle with no plate number and circumvent the zone? I’m curious about the spot yet but rather it was ludicrous. As of not long ago, the military chases and endeavors to all the opposing powers against the unfairness in HLI. It even gets to the heart of the matter of the ranchers as well as to straightforward understudies. As guests, we were illegal to leave the house and to talk boisterously. Throughout the night, we had discussions with the young and ranchers in the zone, eye to eye. The young there don't concentrate just on their neighborhood issues yet lso connect with assistance different networks in each manners. Ranchers despite everything would like to have ownership, in their own hands, the land where their shed blood. The direct experience with them felt extraordinary, mind boggling. I previously heard numerous anecdotes about the issue and hearing it from them with my own ears was dumbfoun ding and a respect. After a very on edge practically restless night, we arranged to go out and assemble to the real spot of the slaughter. A short program was before the Gate 1 of Azucarera de Tarlac. There, I saw a board with words â€Å"SAFETY STARTS HERE†. It begins where? .u88461059b61b8ee4aa7ea3f4e7431628 , .u88461059b61b8ee4aa7ea3f4e7431628 .postImageUrl , .u88461059b61b8ee4aa7ea3f4e7431628 .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u88461059b61b8ee4aa7ea3f4e7431628 , .u88461059b61b8ee4aa7ea3f4e7431628:hover , .u88461059b61b8ee4aa7ea3f4e7431628:visited , .u88461059b61b8ee4aa7ea3f4e7431628:active { border:0!important; } .u88461059b61b8ee4aa7ea3f4e7431628 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u88461059b61b8ee4aa7ea3f4e7431628 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u88461059b61b8ee4aa7ea3f4e7431628:active , .u88461059b61b8ee4aa7ea3f4e7431628:hover { mistiness: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u88461059b61b8ee4aa7ea3f4e7431628 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relat ive; } .u88461059b61b8ee4aa7ea3f4e7431628 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content design: underline; } .u88461059b61b8ee4aa7ea3f4e7431628 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u88461059b61b8ee4aa7ea3f4e7431628 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content adornment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u88461059b61b8ee4aa7ea3f4e7431628:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u88461059b61 b8ee4aa7ea3f4e7431628 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u88461059b61b8ee4aa7ea3f4e7431628-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u88461059b61b8ee4aa7ea3f4e7431628:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Hate Crime Laws EssayAfter entering the entryway of the sugar production line? Huh? It’s just so unexpected that the hacienda organization set that in the very entryway where the military tanks situated and started up ranchers five years prior. Burning November 16, 2009, 1pm, the convoy with 100 vehicles which accumulated in NCR showed up in the Hacienda. We met them through an assembly of in excess of 2,000 individuals towards the passage of the Hacienda Luisita to have a program on the recognition of the fifth commemoration of the Hacienda Luisita Massacre. Different groupsâ€party records, workers’ associat ion, activists gatherings, understudy councilsâ€composed the greater part of the group. About past 2 toward the evening, the entire gathering went to the Gate 1 to go to an ecumenical mass lead by different strict gatherings like Independencia Filipina, United Church of Christ in the Philippines, and so forth. Their strict individuals and pioneers who picked to serve and coordinate with the majority, the ranchers, and the individuals who need them were casualties of extrajudicial killings as well. Following that, the seven saints of the hacienda were respected with liberating white birds. A social night followedâ€improvised sight-seeing balloons contacted the sky, individuals recited, sang and moved. Cess Drillon of ABS CBN was at the back airing the commemoration. They lit a hundred lights while circumventing the entire hacienda network, which shockingly we didn't saw, to end the occasion. Strolling with them for a reason, the ranchers rights, without precedent for my life, was something I could be glad for. I appreciated how committed they are in battling for changeâ€real popular government, fairness, equity and human rights, just for the advancement of each Filipino individuals, particularly the individuals who are in destitution, those that common residents won’t attempt to reach. The individuals there opened their psyche to what the truth is just as do solid activities accordingly. They vivaciously battle for what they know is correct and just. My Hacienda Luisita experience had augmented my vision of what reality truly implied, an encounter of a lifetime. I was there with my life undermined yet I would not stop there. Equity must be given to them, to everybody. So I challenge all who’ll read this bit of paper, particularly those in their childhood, to effectively partake on the issues that this nation faces, be at any rate familiar of what's going on outside the four corners of the room.

Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper 84, Astronaut

Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper 84, Astronaut And speaking of awesome MIT alumna Later this month, Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper 84 SM 85 (Commander, USN) will become the 24th MIT graduate in space when STS-115 launches. More than one-third of the nations space flights have included MIT-educated astronauts, who have logged a total of more than 15,000 hours in space. (Check out the MIT Astronaut Roster) While Stefanyshyn-Piper was at MIT, she lived at WILG, worked at the Lab for Manufacturing and Productivity, rowed for the Varsity Womens Crew, and did Navy ROTC. In her preflight interview, Stefanyshyn-Piper said of her MIT experience: The brief thumbnail sketch of getting here is, well, after high school I went to college, and I applied to MIT, you know, looking at different schools. I figured, OK, Massachusetts Institute of Tech, Technology, is a good technical school. Math and science were definitely my stronger subjects in high school, and so I figured Id probably do a career in something math and science. Back in the late 70s or early 80s, they were doing a big push to get a lot more girls to go into engineering. And so I said, OK, engineering, thats math and science, so I guess I can do that. So I applied to MIT and I got accepted, and then I took a Navy scholarship to help pay for college. From there, I got a degree in mechanical engineering actually I got two degrees. I had so much fun at MIT I decided to stay an extra year and finish my masters degree. And then I was commissioned in the Navy, and I did underwater ship repair and ship repair and some salvage work. That was kind of my professional backgroun d in the Navy. And then from there, I applied to the astronaut program and was fortunate enough to be accepted. And she says this about space exploration: To me exploring space is just a natural progression of, where humans are going. As we become more advanced and we have more technology to go farther. Thousands of years ago people would just go beyond the next hill, go over the mountain, go across the river. Then it led to going across the oceans. And, then it was OK, lets go into the skies. We now have airplanes. We can fly. We have submarines and submersibles; we can go into the waters. So looking into the skies and looking at the stars and at the planets and thinking, whats out there??? Were curious. We, as humans always want to know whats out there. To me it, it just seems natural that weve looked around here and were just going to go look out farther. Were still developing the means to go out there farther. But thats just where were going to go next. To me, exploration makes sense because were always looking at whats the next thing out there what else can we learn, and how can we go there. Maybe we can learn something that we c an bring back here and help solve some of the problems we have on Earth. If youre curious, NASA has even posted online a PDF of what she will be eating while shes in space. Day 1 dinner: grilled pork chop, mashed potatoes, broccoli au gratin, peach ambrosia, apple cider, and tea with lemon sugar. Wow, theyve come a long way since freeze-dried ice cream!

English for Non-Native Speakers - Free Essay Example

English is a difficult language to learn for Non-Native Speakers. There are a plethora of words that mean multiple things with meanings that change every day. Itrs hard to keep up if itrs not ones mother tongue. Mother tongue is a language that a person has grown up speaking within their respective household. For Amy Tan, it was a special kind of English. An English that a Native English speaker would call broken or limited. Amy Tan is an Asian American woman who immigrated from Shanghai, China, to the United States with her mother. She is the author of her best-known novel The Joy Luck Club which examines the lives and relationships between four Chinese American daughters and their mothers. In Mother Tongue, Amy Tan points out cultural racism and the difficulties communication has on immigrants living in America. She uses a sympathetic yet defensive tone as she talks about her motherrs language and what it means to her as well as showing the audience the challenges shers faced. Tan delivers a talk at a symposium on language in San Francisco where she expresses her views and experiences with English. She talks about the complexities of the language and the different types of English she hears and uses in her day to day life. Therers a specific style of English she uses with her mother, one she uses on outings, another with her husband, and one her mother constantly uses with her. She says, It has become our language of intimacy, a different sort of English that relates to family talk, the language I grew up with. (Tan 650) For Amy Tan, this language has a special place in her heart but for others, it leads to a sense of confusion. When analyzing her motherrs English, Amy Tan doesnt shy away from the difficulties it has aroused. In one example, she talks about how people perceive her motherrs English regardless of all the hard work she puts into it. She says, Yet some of my friends tell me they understand 50 percent of what my mother says. Some say they understand 80 to 90 percent. Some say they understand none of it, as if she were speaking pure Chinese. (Tan 651). Here, Amy Tan uses a personal experience as support. Her friends are Native speakers and dont entirely understand her mother because of a communication barrier. This shows just how complex and difficult the situation is. Since shers grown up around it, Tan faces no difficulty when it comes to understanding her mother, but for others, the communication skill seems flawed. Amy Tan gets very in-depth when it comes to details of her past. She talks about the time when she was fifteen and how her mother would have her call people on the phone so that shed pretend it was her. She talks about how no one ever took her mother seriously and she was there to witness it all. Tan recounts, the fact that people in department stores, at banks, and at restaurants did not take her seriously, did not give her good service, pretended not to understand her, or even acted as if they did not hear her. (Tan 651) Tan, once again, uses her experiences as credibility that strengthens her appeal on Ethos. With this passage alone, she shows how vulnerable and how difficult life is for her mother. Tan then goes on to talk about the Asian American community and how English relates to their field of choice. She states, but I have noticed in surveys- in fact, just last week- that Asian students, as a whole, always do significantly better on math achievement test than in English. And this makes me think that there are other Asian American students whose English spoken in the home might also be described as broken or limited. And perhaps they also have teachers who are steering them away from writing and into math and science, which is what happened to me. (Tan 654) This supports her claim as she talks about how deeply the language spoken at home can affect the children. Tan shows just how prejudice people can be. Instead of helping and refining their English, the teachers are so adamant to push them in another field where they dont need to work as hard. Society doesnt give these kids a platform to grow and, instead, take them for granted. When it really boils down to it, Amy Tan doesnt really use logistics to support her claim. The things listed above arent factual and are based more on the authors inferences. Her story doesnt need logistics since she proves her credibility through her personal experiences which seems to be more beneficial in this case. For the majority of her piece, Tan uses a strong pathos appeal as support. When she talks about growing up with her mother, she never fails to tell her audience how she feels. Amy Tan makes sure the audience can empathize with her, a tactic she uses to set everyone on the same playing field. Her pathos appeal is evident when she talks about how her mother was treated because of the way she spoke. After being previously diagnosed with a benign brain tumor, Tanrs mother goes back to the hospital to check up on her diagnosis. She said she had spoken her very best English yet they claimed that her CAT scan was missing. Tan says, and when the doctor finally called her daughter, me, who spoke in perfect English- lo and behold- we had assurances the CAT scan would be found, promises that a conference call on Monday would be held, and apologies for any suffering my mother had gone through for a most regrettable mistake. (Tan 652) Even though she doesnt outwardly state how she feels, she makes it pretty evident that she is frustrated and heavily confused about the situation. Her tone shows frustration which helps the audience sympathize with her. Because of this, people can put themselves in her shoes. She then goes on to talk about her childhood experiences with her mother and how her mothers English affected the way she did things when she was younger. Amy Tan would always find herself answering phone calls for her mother and even became less confident in herself because of it. This is shown earlier in the selection when she reflects on the time her mothers English made her feel ashamed. She realizes the challenges shers faced because of the way her mother spoke. Tan states, I know for a fact, because when I was growing up, my motherrs limited English limited my perception of her. I was ashamed of her English. (Tan 651) Here Tan shows the struggles her motherrs English had brought upon her. It gave her a low self-esteem and, instead of encouraging her mother, she was disheartened. She later becomes apologetic, showing that she too struggled to overlook the language barrier and took part of the cultural racism that flourished within this field. Towards the end of the text, she wraps it up as she talks about her book. When she created her novel The Joy Luck Club, she kept her mother in mind. She said she wanted to use all the English she grew up with to preserve and capture the essence that neither can be seen within an English nor a Chinese structure. She says, I wanted to capture what language ability tests can never reveal: her intent, her passion, her imagery, the rhythms of her speech and the nature of her thoughts. (Tan 655) Here, shers learned that through all the struggle and uncertainty, her motherrs English is something that she holds onto dearly. Itrs been ground rooted and loved since birth and just like any other personality trait, itrs something that makes that special woman her mother. Overall, Amy Tan was successful in pronouncing her point and educating Native Speakers about the struggles immigrants face when it comes to communication. She has shown that there are many people like her mother who are experiencing these things and how this dominates the lives of every immigrant around the world. She engages her audience in a pot of stories, using her personal experiences as credibility for her claim. Amy Tan is also not afraid to show how vulnerable she was and still is when it comes to this subject manner. This language brought her closer together with her mother and her culture. Shers learned not to be ashamed of who she is and has embraced it for all those to see. Her speech is an aid for those who are experiencing the same thing. In conclusion, Amy Tan successfully encouraged her audience to look beyond language barriers and expresses to live and appreciate immigrants open heartedly and happily.